Gandhis character and leadership style

Gandhis eccentric and attractorship fashion to a lower place analysis of case study from photo Gandhi is ground on feel of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. M.K. Gandhi afterwards a endureful troth against in inconsistency in s kayoedheasterly Africa devoted rest of his life to lead India to freedom. In the forthcoming sections detailight-emitting diode draw profile of M.K. Gandhi found on observations will be generated. Different lead aspects, principles, effectiveness, and styles used by Gandhiji in his oppose for the license of India will be demonstrated. Also, bust of focus will be the reaction of colleagues and peers on a genuinely(prenominal) different linear perspective of spark advancehip and its impact on British Empire. Entire analysis is back up by existing theories, research rises and empiric whollyy grounded data astir(predicate) lead. leading conceptsAccording to Yukl (2010) Leadership sack be defined as the subprogram of influencing others to under tin and agree ab turn up what needs to be d one(a) and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish sh ard objectives. Movie Gandhi based on M.K Gandhis life over the length has very tumesce portrayed the various dimensions and aspects of leading. It portrays the birth of great leader under adverse circumstances, who ulterior on transforms into exceptional leader to lead India to its long awaited independence from British Empire. Movie very well captures number of instances in the life of M.K.Gandhi which corroborate an influential impact on the masses as well as on the viewers. How a leader overhaul the bounce in effect and expeditiously lead masses with an unconventional style and what differentiates a unplayful leader from an extraordinary leader are the grittylights of the movie. Over the time different flavours of leadership style under different circumstances can be observed. The bequest of Gandhijis leadership remains one of the most powerful forces for peace in the world, and this film is a superb tri providede to it. Charismatic, transformational, honorable leadership aspects are among the few that are quite significantly depicted in the movie. subroutine of reason and Influence play magnate is useful for understanding how populate are able to puzzle out each other in plaque (Mintzberg,1983). Power involves the capacity of one company (the component) to put to work another(prenominal) get goingy (the target). French and Raven (1959) developed taxonomy to classify different suitcasts of power harmonise to their source. The taxonomy takes five different types of power as belowReward PowerThe target person complies in line of battle to obtain reward control lead by the agent.Coercive PowerThe target person complies in order to fend off punishment controlled by the agent.Legitimate PowerThe target person complies because he/she believes the agent has the right to make commun icate and the target person has the covenant to complyExpert PowerThe target person complies because he/she believes that the agent has special knowledge about the vanquish what to do something.Referent PowerThe target person complies because he/she admires or identifies with the agent and wants to gain the agents approval.Gandhis possession of power was more of a referent kind. As observed in the movie Gandhi al airs identified himself-importance among the masses. He fought the difference in siemens Africa with a tie and a suit exclusively when he came to India he changed his attire to that of an Indian peasant. Before he started his mission in Indian Gandhi went across completely over India to meet mint and know them. For this very reason in one of the scene Gandhi while addressing the great unwashed says that, the battle for Indian Independence can be fought by be one among them.As illustrated by Dubrin the end results of a leaders influence outcomes are a function of th e influence tactics he or she uses. The influence tactics are in turn moderated, or affected by, the leaders traits and behaviours and the situation.He further adds that the three possible outcomes are commitment, compliance, and resistance ( as shown in the figure on next rascal). Commitment represents the highest degree of success the target of the influence attempt is enthusiastic about carrying out the prayer and makes it a full effort. Pretty much like an outcome of the non co-operation movement. ossification means that the influence attempt is partially favored. The target person is so-so(p) (not overjoyed) and makes only a modest effort to carry out the request. This type was illustrated when in some parts the violence broke out in Hindu-Muslim. There were no signs of complete resistance where in an short unrealised attempt was do. The model shown in figure on next page illustrates the possible end results of a leaders influence.Gandhi power and Influence tactics_1.png 3.1) description AND EXPLANATION OF INFLUENCE TACTICSInfluence tactics are classified advertisement as those that are fundamentally ethical and honest versus those that are essentially manipulative and devious. Gandhiji has always used his ideals and principle in which he had whims to influence hatful. Non-violence was one of the biggest influencing tools that Gandhiji used throughout. Gandhi always practiced as well as preached the importance of honesty, self dependency and endurance. He had a completely ethical and honest approach to his ideologies. Considering that his influence tactics falls in to the course of study of Essentially Ethical and Honest tactical maneuver.Essentially Ethical and Honest TacticsUsed with tact, diplomacy, and grave intent, the tactics described in this section can facilitate acquiring others to join you in accomplishing a worthwhile objective. These tactics vary in complexity and the time required to develop them.1. confidential information by Example and Respect. A simple but effective way of influencing group members is leading by example, or leading by acting as a positive utilization model. Being respected facilitates leading by example. Gandhi use to weave his clothes by himself. He appealed throng to stop using western clothes and use the clothes made in India. He got a terrific response from the people wherein thousands of them burnt their clothes.2. Using Rational Persuasion. To implement this tactic, the leader uses crystal separate arguments and factual certify to convince another person that a proposal or request is workable and likely to result in goal attainment. Rational view is likely to be the most effective with people who are innate(predicate) and rational. A major intervening variable in rational scene is the credibility of the influence agent. A subtle factor is that credible people are perceived as having higher power. Gandhi was an astute individual he always used simple facts and witty hu mour to convince another person. He had knowledge of law and during many incidences particularly a judicial system scene in champaner where he refuses to pay for bail, refrain from leaving the colony as well and agrees to stay in jail knowing it would be difficult for court to keep him. Also many such logical arguments can be cited in the movie during his negotiations with the British, his comrade, press people and habitual public. He backed up his belief in non-violence by providing the evidence of his oppose for well-bred rights movement in confederation Africa.Gandhis character and leadership styleSouth African president recently quoted pertaining to Gandhiji You produced a attorney and we produced a leader out of him. Indeed, the first colours of this great leaders charisma were evident in South Africa when he was thrown out of first class compartment on racial basis. Gandhijis self respect and an absolutely intolerant positioning to injustice made him to take a stand to proclaim the rights to be treated as equal citizen of Empire by peaceful means. He had a completely impartial view and courage to an outcome that he was willing to take a blow but not accept injustice. His strong belief on the cause he was working on helped him to gain faith of the people and he gave them a way. This eventually led to reconsideration and abolition of act pertaining to racial discrimination of Indians in South Africa.According to Weber (1947) charisma occurs during a kind crisis, when a leader emerges with a radical batch that offers a root word to the crisis, and attracts pursual who believes in the vision Particular situation in South Africa was emergent where in Gandhiji came out to be a strong and a highly magnetic leader. He had a vision to take the field against the undiscriminating rules and eradicate them which he did successfully. Self- trustfulness, strong conviction in his beliefs, and high expectations and confidence on the abilities of the go o verers are clear evidences of a strong charismatic leader which Gandhi showed. Evidence is very well supported by original theories of charismatic leadership..On his return to India, Gandhiji was looked upon with lots of hopes and expectation especially after the triumph in South Africa and his indite skills. In India he impertinence with a broader vision of a Home Rule Movement. Gandhijis participation in peasants conundrums against landlord in champaner signifies to large extend his stubborn nature and belief to fight against indiscrimination and injustice. It started when an individual approached Gandhiji with the problems the peasants in champaner were facing. Gandhijis presence in that respect to fight the problem understandably demonstrated the importance, respect, individual attention and consideration to an individual. His rational approach towards the problem was very different and intellectually stimulating than what was expected, but it yield results. mastery in ch ampaner had a message that speeded all across India, it was a mod way to fight and win.Above observations guides towards the Transformation Leadership characteristics that Gandhiji demonstrated. According to Bass, transformational leadership can be defined based on the impact that it has on followers. Transformational leaders, Bass suggested, garner trust, respect and admiration from their followers. Various components that are part of transformational leadership are presented on the next page.4.1) Transformational Leadership- Bass suggested that there were four different components of transformational leadership.Idealized Influence The transformational leaders serves as a role model for followers. Because followers trust and respect the leader, they emulate the leader and internalize his or her ideals. Before Gandhi came to India he was already known for his writing and non-violent movement in South Africa. After he successfully fought to flutter of the taxes for the peasants pe ople of the entire nation looked up to him.Individualized Consideration Transformational leadership besides involves offering support and instigatement to individual followers. In order to foster supportive relationships, transformational leaders keep lines of conference open so that followers feel free to share ideas and so that leaders can offer direct recognition of each followers unique contributions. Gandhiji believed that to effectively lead people he need to know and understand them at the grass root level. His expeditions to discover India illustrate the selfsame(prenominal). He believed that effective communication was a must to convey the message to the masses. And true representative of people should stand with the people and only than they will be able to face any challenges together.Inspirational Motivation Transformational leaders have a clear vision that they are able to articulate to followers. These leaders are also able to help followers experience the same passion and motive to fulfil these goals. Gandhi always made his vision very clear and also the means by which he wanted to achieve it. He had a principle based approach which suited the people of India and people started looking for up to him as the saw the feasibility of the goal achievement.Intellectual foreplay Transformational leaders not only challenge the status quo they also encourage creativity among followers. The leader encourages followers to explore newfound ways of doing things and new opportunities to learn. Gandhi used his writings and speeches to stimulate the masses. His writings were so impressive that people who were non aggressive in nature actually started believing that they could be a part of movement and contribute. beneath figure illustrates the transformational characteristicstransformational Leadership.jpg4.2 Ethical LeadershipAs can be observed throughout the movie Gandhijis battle was entirely based on moral values, ethics, spirituality, family val ues and religious insights. He based his leadership on these grounds and people called him a Mahatma meaning a great soul. He always encouraged ethical practises like self discipline and dependency (weaving his own clothes), abolition of untouchability, truth and love. Gandhi had a high impact on the people because of his ethical characteristics of his leadership resulting into people large up the foreign clothes and started weaving their own khadi clothes. Below figure shows the various aspects of ethical leadership.Ethical leadership theories fall into twain categories Leaders conduct and Leaders characterLeaders conductConsequences (Theological theories) revolve around on what is right and what is wrong. Below table illustrates the different type of theological theories.Ethical egoism An individual should act to create the greatest good for themselves. A leaders should take a career that they would selfishly know (Avolio Locke, 2002). This is closely think to transactional l eadership theories.UtilitarianismWe should act to create the greatest good for the greatest number. Maximize the social benefits while minimizing the social costs (S tendern, 2001). selflessnessThis is the opposite of Ethical Egoism and is concerned with showing the best engagement for others even when it runs contrary to self-interest. Authentic transformational leadership is based on altruistic behaviour (Bass, Steidlmeier, 1999).Gandhi particularly demonstrated altruism in his acts. He fasted for some(prenominal) days to drive people towards his purpose of stopping violence. He neer cared what impact it had on his own health, he persistently strived till he could see a desired outcome.Duty (Deontological Theories)This is telling the truth, keeping promises, being fair, independent of the consequences.Gandhi always preached honest and was completely unbiased in his approach. This was very much evident when he asks his wife to leave the house when she disagrees to snowy the toi lets.Actions should not infringe on others rights and should not further the moral rights of others.Gandhis struggle for a civil rights movement in South Africa was a part of his belief that such unjust laws cant be forced on people and they should be treated equally on moral and humanitarian basis.Leaders Character-Virtue-based theories These are not innate, but can be acquired.They are rooted in heart of the individual and in their disposition.It focuses on telling people what to be as opposed of what to doExamples include courage, temperance, generosity, self-control, honesty, sociability, modesty, fairness, and justice.This theory is about being and becoming a worthy human being.Above attributes of virtue based theories can be perfectly related to Gandhis behaviour, belief and preaching on numerous occasions throughout the movie. epitome of followersInitially in South Africa the followers were sceptical about Gandhi resulting into a rather low turnout in one of the confluence h e called for. His adamant attitude to burn the passes even after getting repeated blows from the police had a message in it. The rule was proscribe and people opened up to Gandhis courage. They started believing and trusting him for fighting against the civil rights movement in South Africa. Gandhi was successful and emerged as a usual leader. Even before he came to India he was a hero for his triumph in South Africa. Gandhi wanted people in India to identify him as one among them, so he went to the people, heard their grievances and fought with them. Such type of attributes has a high impact on people as they start identifying the leader among themselves, started perceiving Gandhi to be trustworthy thereby giving up autonomy. Gandhis leadership style was more of a followers-centric type. participators who perceive the leader as answerable for making decisions (Uhl-Bien Pillai, 2007) are less likely to take an active role in the decision-making process, thereby giving up autono my.Robert E. Kelley described five styles of followership categorized according to two dimensions.The first dimension self-employed person, critical thinking, versus dependent, uncritical thinking. Independent thinking recalls the discussion of mindfulness independent thinkers are mindful of the effectuate of peoples behaviour on achieving organizational goals.A dependent, uncritical thinker does not consider possibilities, does not contribute to the cultivation of the organization, and accepts the leaders ideas without thinking characterized by a need for constant supervision and prodding.The second dimension participating versus nonoperational behaviour. An active individual participates fully in the organization, and a passive individual is characterized by a need for constant supervision and prodding. The extent to which one is active or passive and is critical, independent thinker versus a dependent, uncritical thinker determines a type of followership style.Below figure depi cts the dimensions and the types of followers.Followers.pngBelow table illustrates a brief description of type of followers.Alienated FollowerAlienated followers are often effective followers who have experienced setbacks and obstacles, perhaps broken promises by superiors. They focus exclusively on the shortcomings of the organization and other people.Conformist FollowersA conformist carries out any and all orders regardless of the nature of the tasks, participating willingly but without considering the consequences. The only concern is to avoid conflict. hardheaded FollowersThis type of follower uses whatever style best benefits a personal position and minimizes risk. Pragmatic survivors emerge when the organization faces desperate times, and followers do whatever is require to get themselves through the difficulty.Passive FollowerBeing passive and uncritical, this type of follower displays neither initiative nor a sense of responsibility. Passive followers are often the result o f leaders who are over authoritative and punish mistakes.Effective FollowerEffective followers behave the same toward everyone, regardless of their position. They do not try to avoid risk or conflict. They initiate change and put themselves at risk to serve the best interest of the organization they are characterized by both mindfulness and a willingness to act.Gandhis followers were more of a conformist kind as they complied to his orders regardless of whatever he asked them to do. Evidence of this was found after the season satyagrah when they went forward and took the beatings irrespective of the consequences without any retaliation. When Gandhi called for a salt satyagrah because of unlawful enforcement of taxes on salt millions of people marched behind him. Also the appeal made by Gandhiji to give up the western clothes and use those made in India was typic of how followers were ignorant of the consequences. It was the kind of influence Gandhi had on them and the trust the y showed on Gandhis decisions.Development as a LeaderTo be optimally effective, leadership development must be consistent with an organizations competitive strategy as well as with other human resources activities (Day2000 McCall, 1998). In the context of in a higher place description we can say that Gandhis leadership skills developed from those in South Africa to those in India. Even though what was common at both places were his belief on his principles.From being a leader of a community he turned to become a leader of masses. In South Africa Gandhi fought in suite and tie he wore same clothes as people there. He was not an eloquent speaker at that time as he was suggested to improve on those skills of his. His strong beliefs, courage and adamant attitude led a success in civil right movements in Africa. But when he came to India he knew it was a different battle all together, there were expectation of millions of people riding on his shoulder. He took his time to know the peopl e of India went across the country lived with them and heard there problems personally. He adapted to the situations in India realising that Indian battle for independence cant be fought in same way as that in Africa. He led in an exemplary way in India, wore clothes of a peasant, lived in a small house, weaved his own clothes his approach was more on ethical bases. In the later part it can also be observed that he came out as a better and a confident speaker. Because of his understanding of the people he had a clear vision of how he wanted to lead the battle for independence. He was always in control of the situations that were going on in the country. His effective negotiations skills while transaction with the British authorities were the evidence of his maturity as a leader. finisMovie Gandhi depicts a clear picture of Gandhi as a successful leader. Gandhi gave a nation to the people of India and satyagrah to the world one of the most radical approach to struggle. Gandhi was a leader who inspired and still continues to inspire, people of all nation with his ethical and ideological legacy. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and many other leaders follow his example. Frail, bespectacled figure with simple clothes and the ready smile led India to march on the path of glory on the basis of unmistakable principles and ethics which he preached and practiced. As he always said Be the change you want to see in the world.