Definition of tourism

Definition of tourism excogitation1.1 Background of study holidaymakerry is the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for non to a greater extent than bingle consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In 21st century, travel is a public thing for people, but in the past people hard to travel from place to place beca practise omit of transportation and technology. Travel defines as people moving from mavin place to a nonher. People travel because of draw out and clit factor ,push and pull factor ar influence by draw plays of factors such(prenominal) as economic ,social, climate, geographical recordical characteristic and etc. spatial movement is very important and worth our attention, it centering on tourer generating aras and tourer receive beas as well as the transit route among its. To do so, I down adopted Leipers sit down, which was suggested in 1979 and adapted in 1995 (Figure 1). Tourist fe ast is a flows or spatial interaction betwixt places, with the finis area containing a surplus of a goodness and the generating area having a demand for a commodity. It influenced by a variety of push and pull factors.Batu Ferringhi hardened on the northern coast of Penang, Malaysia. This place is chosen as one of the attractive feature places in Penang because of the sandlike beach and luxury resort. The altogether entrance by land to go to Batu Ferringhi is the narrow mountains road.Penang mound or affectingly have it awayn by locals as Bukit Bendara, is one of the only cool places to enforce in Penang. A agglomerate with elevation of about 833 m (2723 ft) has proved that it is one of the main attractions non only to the outsider but in any case locals.1.2Research statementThe study of tourist flows piece of ass be very important because by understanding the travel movement, government or the private sector fag create a young marketing strategic to attract more tou rists. By studying the geographic characteristics of exiting tourist, it can reveal the electric potential market, such as ecotourism, heritage tourism and etc.1.3Research QuestionsWhat is the tourist pattern?What are the most celebrated attraction places in Penang?Where is the most of the tourist come from?What is the tourist flow of Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill1.4 Study Methology acquaint 1 Preliminary StageOn this stage, study background and the scope of study for drive be create verb every last(predicate)y down goal and explores objective entrust be set up so that it can make the research path clearer beside that literature review and the significance of the research entrust be written down. Survey questionnaires will be designated in this stage. (Refer to figure 2)Stage 2 The Data Collection The dodging use in the research will be quantitative so that more information from the tourists will be getting by continue survey questionnaire. The data collection will be di viding into devil, uncomplicated and vicarious. For primary data collection, survey and interview will be admit so that can know more about tourist travel pattern, I also will interview with the stalls seller or shop in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. For secondary, information will be get from books, journals and internet. (Refer to figure 2)Stage 3 Analysis and Synthesis On the stage, the survey questionnaire will be compile and victimisation the SPSS (the statistics software) to create the graph or statistics. Beside that, the tourist flows network in Penang will be created. (Refer to figure 2)Stage 4 RecomendationIn this stage, the recommendation how to improve the tourism in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill, how to solve the impact of tourist flows. So that, the tourism is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will not face the decline stage or over crowded in one place. (Refer to figure 2)1.5GoalThe goal of this study is to identify the tourist movement patterns and to solve the i mpact influence by tourist flows.1.6 Study ObjectivesThe major objectives that will be indentified areTo indentify the travel pattern of tourist in Batu Ferringhi and Penang HillTo indentify which country tourist come to Batu Ferringhi and Penang HillTo indentify the major influences of tourist movement in Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill1.7 HypothesisThe number of tourist going to Batu Ferringhi and Penang hillThe development in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will be emergence.Lots of tourist coming from Europe country and Middle East.1.8 Significance of studyThe significances of the research for the tourism department and the private sector are they can use the research as reference so that the can understand the tourist flows in Penang beside that, they can implement new marketing strategic to get more profit .other than that, by knowing the tourist pattern ,government can locate more resources to the place.By doing the research, a statistic report will be written out, it will ben efit to future researcher to conduct the same research. The research also will help the developer to develop the place after they review the statistic.1.9 stage setting of study The two major barriers are time and seasonal .Time is a barrier for my research although I have limited time to complete it because pick up to analyze the survey and finding reference sources. Tourism is a seasonal so the research will not accurate when the time goes by so time management very important.1.10 Study areaThe study area chosen for my research is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. Batu Ferringhi also called as the foreigners rock is a strip of beaches on the northern coast of Penang .The only way to go up is the narrow mountain road, thither are two entrance one is from Tanjung Bunga and another one is from Teluk Bahang . Batu Ferringhi also is one of the tourist attraction place in Malaysia, a lot of foreigner tourist like to stay at here, on top of the hill also got a lot of chain hotels group example Shangri la hotel group, holidays inn and Parkroyal hotel.Other than that, there also have a lot of transportation company, they always stand by to pick up the guest go to down town. Beside that there also have a lot of souvenir shop so that the tourist can barter for souvenir to their friends and relatives. Everyday there also have iniquity market, the most special trends in the night market is bargaining. Batu Ferringhi is eminent tourists flows area in Malaysia because of the environments and the people are hospitality .The high tourist flow also give positive and negative impact to the place such as pollution, traffic congestion, increase in price and etc. When peak season, Batu Ferringhi will over crowded and is a main tax return for the local government.Another place chosen is Penang hill, Penang Hill is the oldest hill station in Malaysia. It comprises a rough granite mass in the middle of Penang Island reaching an elevation of 833 meters (2723 ft) at Western Hill . Penang hill also is the only cool place in Penang and it is famous not only for foreigners but locals. There are tether way going up to Penang hill, by the funicular train, by jeep and by hiking.Theoretical materialChapter 22.0 Literature ReviewTourist flows are a form of spatial interaction amid two areas, with the destination area containing a surplus of a commodity example tourist attraction and the generating area having a deficit or demand for that commodity (Tourism and hospitality Geography). Tourist flows do not occur randomly but follow authorized rules and are influenced by a variety of push and pull factors.Push factors are mainly concerned with the stage of economic development in the generating are and will include such factors as levels of affluence, mobility and holidays entitlement .Often, too, an advanced stage of economic development will not only give the population the matter ons to engage in tourism but the pressures of life will provide the push to do s o .An unfavorable climate will also provide a strong impetus to travel.Pull factors include accessibility and the attractions and amenities of the destination area. The relative live of the visit is also important, as is the effectiveness of marketing and promotion.From a geographical picture of view tourism consists of ternary major components which are first , the places of origin of tourist ,or generating areassecond,the tourist destinations themselves ,or receiving area and finally the routes travelled in the midst of these two sets of mendings, or transit routes (Leiper 1995).These components are set within differing economic ,environmental and social contexts . This simple model is illustrated in figure 3.Tourist generating area contain the homes of tourist ,where journeys begin and end .the key issues to read in tourist generating areas are the features that stimulate demand for the tourism and will include the geographical location of an area as well as its socioecon omic and demographic characteristic .These areas re have the main tourist markets in the ground and naturally enough ,the major marketing functions of the tourist industry are set up here such as tour operation, travel retailing. Tourist receiving areas attract tourists to stay temporarily and will have features and attractions that may not be found in the generating area. The tourist industry try laid in this areas will comprise the attractions, accommodation, retailing and service functions, entertainment and recreation facilities .In our view, tourist destination areas are the most important part of the tourism system, not only attracting the tourist and thus energizing the system but also where the impacts of tourism occur and therefore where the sustainable planning and management of tourism is so important.Transit route link these two types of areas and are a key sections in the system as their effectiveness and characteristic shape the volume and beamion of tourist flows . Transit route also represent the transportation component of the tourist industry.There are collar opposite routes from place of permanent compliance to tourist route, refer to figure one, tourist can choose their route to the destination, access route mean direct access to the main destination as same as return routes .For recreation route, the tourist make use of the various tourist facilities along the way to the destination .Some of the tourist just use the recreation route for part of the journey, they dont have main goal or destination. There are three routes for the tourist to come to Penang, there are water, air and land transport but for Batu Ferringhi ,it just can go by land because no one is providing the air and land transport for the tourist.This notion is substantial in Campbells (1967) model which portrays different patterns of movement away from an urban centre (Figure 5). Campbell distinguishes between various groups on the basic of the relative importance of the travel and stay components of their trip .for the recreationist the recreational activity itself is the main element while for the vacationer the journey as such constitutes the main activity of the trip, with a number of stopovers being made on a round trip away from the city .An intermediate group, the recreational vacationist ,is shown to make side trips from some regional base. According to figure 5, recreational travel is scattered radically from the city whereas vacation travel is essentially linear and highway oriented, with recretional vacational travel involving elements of two Campbells work. While the concepts of these different types of travel is useful for analyzing tourist flow patterns there are clearly semantic problems in confining the term tourist or vacationist to someone whose primary interest is invariably in sightseeing and travelling.Source from redrawn from Campbell (1967) In Miossecs model ( Figure 6), the origin or core is surrounded by intravenous feeding major belts or zones and travel motives ,means and costs change as well ( Sector 1) .In the real world these theoretical regular concentric zones are subject to modification by position deformation (low cost of living, favorable climate, historic links) which extend the belts and the negative ones (essentially political) which compress them (sector 2amd 3).These positive and negative deformation are not independent .More over, in reality a series of core exists giving rise to concurrent spatial demand ( sector 4). Miossec also attempts to incorporate perception of this space in his model, although the schematic representation of this is not particularly clear .In general .knowledge of destination declines with distance but there may be certain points of reference or evocative names so that the individuals mental map of the tourist space has both concentric and sectoral constrains .Miossec also suggests that the quality of the image will depend on the socio-political lingu istic environment of the point of departure and arrival.Source after Thurot( 1980)Four broad tourist destination types are identified by Lubdgren in this way (figure 10)Centrally located metropolitan destination which have high volume of reciprocal cross traffic and function both as a generating area and a major destination. These include high order metropolitan centres well integrated into the international and transcontinental transport networks.Peripheral urban destination ,which have smaller populations, a less important central place function and which tend to have a net inflow of touristsPeripheral rural destinations, which are less nodal in character, depending upon a geographically more extensive environment which draws visitors through a combination of landscape characteristic. As the population of such areas is often small and dispersed, a strong net inflow usually results.Natural environment destinations which are usually located at long distances from the generating area s very sparsely populated and often subject to stiff management policies.Chapter 33.0 Research methodology 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, procedures or method used to conduct research will be set up there are two types of research methodologies, these two types of methodologies are quantitative and qualitative. During the research, quantitative will be used, quantitative research is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. As for research design, descriptive research will be use in the research, it attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon.3.2 Data collection3.2.1 Primary data The primary data are data which are being collected by the researcher for that unique(predicate) purpose of concludeing the problem in the research. For this research, questionnaires will be distributed to get information or answer after compile will key in to SPSS (the statistic software). Statistic and graph will be draft.3.2.2Secondary data The secondary data is being obtained by the literature study, books and the articles from the internet source.3.3 Questionnaire methodA questionnaire is defined as a form that people fill out used to obtain demographic and views and interests of those questioned (Brehob 2001).Questionnaires is use in this research to get more information and to get feed back from the people, questionnaire encompassed of a series of questions for the purpose of assembly data or information from potentially a large number of respondents. Below are the advantages of using questionnaire methodThe responses are gathered in a standardized way, so questionnaires are more objective, sure enough more so than interviews. Generally it is relatively quick to collect information using a questionnaire potentially information can be collected from a large portion of a group.These are the hardly a(prenominal) steps taken to design questionnaire for dissertation purpose (dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my)Objectives of the survey are definedDetermined the consume groupDesigned the questionnaire by creating the questionsAdministered the questionnaireResults interpretations3.3.1 Questionnaire design A well designed questionnaire is important, language and using resist sentence to construct questionnaire must be taken well beside that arrangement of the question also need be in correct flows. The sentence or question using must be booming to understand and the words must be clear. The research questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2.3.3.2 QuestionsIn designing the questionnaire, the question that inside the survey questionnaire cant be too complicated and direct question needed to ease the correspondents. On questionnaire consist of 16 questions. The questionnaire of this research contains of part A, lineament B, Part C and Part D. The questionnaire divides into sub topic beca use to let the correspondents more understand about the question and it look more systematic. The questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2.3.3.3 LayoutLayout is very important because first mould when the correspondents see the questionnaire is the formation of the question, the layout must be attractive enough to attract the correspondents. Other than that, the logical of chronological sequence of the question also very important, same kind of question need to group together. (Refer to Appendix 1 and 2)3.3.4 Questionnaire DistributionThe survey questionnaire were distributed to respondents manually, mean that, a team of people will approach them. For Dissertation minimum of 150 correspondents needed to complete the survey. Those questionnaires will distribute in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill but not all of the questionnaire distributed will returned with full of participation because some of them not really interested with the topic or mayhap they have limited knowledge about the topic and there where no any reward or gift for them after they finish the questionnaireThe objective of distributing questionnaire is to knowing the tourist flows in two Areas, there are Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill beside that also can know what is the tourist opinion and suggestion.3.3.5 Software Development MethodologyAfter compiling all the result from the questionnaire, the result will key in into the SPSS (the statistic software) after that statistic and graph will be drawn out. In the Statistic and graph, it can determine that the number of tourist flow and which country tourist most often come to visit those places.4.0 Conclusion This research is discussed about the tourist flows in Batu ferringhi and Penang hill.